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We may have discovered how dark oxygen is being made in the deep sea

A newly discovered mechanism could explain the shock finding last year that oxygen is produced by metallic nodules on the seafloor – and it might be happening on other planets, too

By Michael Le Page

14 March 2025

Manganese nodules on the sea floor seem to be a source of oxygen – and may have been formed by bacteria

Science History Images / Alamy

Metallic nodules found deep in the sea seem to be producing significant amounts of oxygen by some unknown mechanism, researchers revealed last year. Now, we may have found out how it is happening – and the same process could also produce oxygen to help terraform Mars.

Chaomin Sun at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing and his colleagues have discovered that two species of deep-sea bacteria can produce large quantities of oxygen. What’s more,…

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